Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

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Duty-based or deontological ethics is among much discussed, major schools of thought in philosophy of medical ethics that can provide additional solutions to various ethical challenges in modern medicine. Duty-based ethics generally refers to a set of principles according to which the criteria for determining whether an action is right or wrong is the action itself and its properties, regardless of its benefits or consequences in other words, proponents of duty-based ethics believe that performing ethical acts in spite of their consequences is an obligation which lies in the acts themselves rather than the ends they bring, as is the belief of the proponents of results-oriented ethics. Advocates of results-oriented ethics are concerned with the consequences of their actions, and advocates of duty-based ethics with their duties. The present paper offers an overview of the latter and its two main subdivisions: act- and rule deontological theories, in order to evaluate and analyze duty-based ethics. In ethical philosophy, duty-based theories have received less criticism in general compared to results-oriented theories, as they are more difficult to criticize.

Keywords: duty-based ethics, results-oriented ethics, rule deontological theories

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