Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

Eugenics or the science of breeding humans is a movement based on biological concepts that advocate policies for improvement of the human population genetics. It has also served as a determinant factor and reference in many social disciplines including law and punishment during certain periods in history. In fact, based on eugenic policies, which were affirmed by biologists, health experts and physicians, many people were sentenced to elimination from the society’s gene pool and thereby underwent sexual sterilization. Such practices were approved by economists and jurists involved in the executive affairs of many countries as well. Publication of two separate journals about eugenics and the corresponding empirical data confirming the influence of genetics on behaviors along with the solidity of eugenics-related policies demonstrate the scientific significance of this movement in its heyday. This public legitimacy started to decline, however, after sterilization of tens of thousands of mentally or physically handicapped people by Nazi Germany and the ascending criticism on moral and scientific bases of eugenics, which almost led to the exclusion of the subject in public. In this essay, eugenic concepts, relevant policies and its legitimacy throughout history are discussed to provide a better outlook for adopting more effective strategies in public health policymaking