Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine

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Respect for the inherent dignity of human beings means respecting their basic rights in different environments, and this has an important role in studies and discussions about health care. This study was conducted on the development and psychometric properties of the Inherent Dignity Questionnaire (IDQ) in heart failure patients. The present study is a methodological research for designing a questionnaire. First, 22 patients with class II to IV heart failure were chosen by purposive sampling from patients of Hazrate Rasoule Akram, Imam Hossein and Shariati hospitals of Tehran, and semi-structured interviews were conducted on ethical issues until data saturation was achieved. A qualitative content analysis was carried out to analyze the interviews. Then, based on the findings obtained from the interviews, literature, and the designed questionnaires about inherent dignity, 39 items associated with inherent dignity in heart failure patients were developed. The face validity of the questionnaire was determined. To measure the content validity of the questionnaire, opinions of 12 experts were used considering Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Lawshe table. To assess construct validity of the IDQ, exploratory factor analysis and to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, internal consistency with Chronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half method were used on 130 patients with heart failure. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.Through face validity and content validity analysis, 4 out of the 39 primary items were removed, leaving 35 items. Through exploratory factor analysis, 11 items with factor loading less than 0.5 were removed and the IDQ was created with 24 items and three factors (9 items on the first factor, 8 items on the second factor and 7 items on third factor). These factors were: "inherent dignity in family", "inherent dignity in the community" and "inherent dignity in health care environments". Reliability of the Social Dignity Questionnaire (SDQ) was calculated to be 0.94 by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and 0.96 by using split-half method.Results of this study showed that the IDQ is adequately valid and reliable. Therefore, using this questionnaire can be beneficial to planning support for patients and improving their treatment and care and doing further research related to dignity in different patients.

Keywords: inherent dignity, heart failure, psychometric, human rights, patient rights

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