Showing 22 results for Life
Kiarash Aramesh,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (5-2011)
Abstract
Throughout history, various religions and schools of philosophy have viewed human dignity as an important issue and a topic of discussion. The theoretical roots of this concept lies in ancient philosophies and religions, in Medieval as well as Modern periods, the most significant of which may be the Cyrus Cylinder, Stoicism, teachings of philosophers of the Renaissance period and of thinkers such as Immanuel Kant and John Locke, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and Abrahamic religions. Human dignity is infallibly referred to as being intrinsic and inviolable, and although there is no one comprehensive, inclusive and universally accepted definition for the term, it is fundamentally the characteristic that lies at the core of the basic rights of humans. In biomedical ethics there are two different dimensions to human dignity: the dignity of the individual and the dignity of humanity as such, and while the former is considered to be absolute, the latter is relative, as it is realized simply by belonging to the human race. Human dignity applies to all the principles of biomedical ethics, and sets the standards for all manners of reasoning and inference in this field. In areas such as research ethics, ethics of beginning of life and end of life care, and public health ethics, human dignity has clear requirements and implications, for instance regarding issues such as unethical uses of the embryo, fetus, and the human body for commercial purposes, the right to live and die with dignity near the end of life, and the right to basic indiscriminate health care.
Abd-Ol-Hassan Kazemi, Mostafa Kazemi, Mahmood Abbasi, Mehrzad Kiyani, Nejat Feyzollahi, Sadyar Ataloo, Mahmood Massodiniya,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (4-2012)
Abstract
End stage patient control and autonomy are core principles in human bio-medical ethics and key components of end-of-life (EOL) care. Albeit, according to modern medical ethics principles the centrality of the patient as decision maker may not be relevant to culturally diverse groups of end stage people. The purpose of this article is to present results of a literature review of end stage patient control and their family position within the context of end of life support. The review revealed that the interaction between medical control and ethical values in end of life support is multifaceted and unpredictable.
According to the recommendations of American College of Physicians/American Society of Internal Medicine End-of-Life Consensus Panel and some other world class medical and ethical societies, culturally effective end of life support includes the following essential elements
• acceptance of and respect for cultural differences among all end stage patients
• willingness to negotiate and compromise when world views differ
• understanding of one's own values and biases
• contact and communication skills that enhance empathy
• information of the cultural practices of patient groups should be seen on a regular basis and
• attention that all patients are individuals and may not share the same views as others within their own ethnic group
According to the above description, applicants identified five domains of quality end of life support:
1. receiving adequate pain control
2. avoiding inappropriate prolongation of the dying process
3. achieving a sense of control
4. relieving burden on loved ones and
5. strengthening relationships
We emphasize that, despite above mentioned points and advices maintaining a sense of control is an essential element in the end of life support for some individuals, further study of the interplay between ethnicity, desire for control, and achieving a good death is needed.
Tahereh Moghadas, Maryam Momeni, Mojgan Baghaee, Shahram Ahmadi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (7-2012)
Abstract
Nurses play an important role in end-of-life care for dying patients. Based on the essence of the work environment, nurses are confronted with dying patients and their requests for euthanasia more than other care givers. However, little is known about their attitudes towards euthanasia. Hence, aim of present study was to determine nurses' attitudes toward euthanasia. In this descriptive-analytical study, 91 nurses who employed in intensive care units situated in educational and medical hospitals affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences participated. Nurses attitudes evaluated by using Euthanasia Attitude Scale. Data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test, ANOVA and generalized linear models) by SPSS software version 16. Majority of nurses (83.5%) had negative attitude toward euthanasia. Univariate analysis showed no significant statistical relationship between demographic factors and nurses' attitude toward euthanasia, whilst age (P < 0.029) and employment status (P < 0.004) were related to nurses' attitude toward euthanasia in regression analysis.
Findings of the present study showed that majority of nurse's believe in care of dying patients for health maintenance and life continuance even in the end stage of life. They don't accept euthanasia at any condition. Perhaps, more accurate studies need to assess other confounding factors such as nurses' knowledge, practice and role.
Omid Asemani, Hakimeh Parsaei,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (10-2012)
Abstract
Birth of a poor prognosis neonate (premature and/or congenitally affected) may potentially burden the family and/or society with many ethical, social, legal, etc challenges. Most of the decision making criteria used in handling the care of these neonates, such as disability, quality of life, etc., are multidimensional and heavily ethical bearing. In this study, we have tried to explore and present a perfect view on the existing challenges and different dimensions of the discussed criteria. In the end, the prominent standpoint of the Islamic school in confronting a severely disabled newborn has been introduced and analyzed. Most related discussions boil down to some fundamental and unanswered questions, for instance whether human beings should be permitted to make decisions about the life of severely diseased neonates, the decision making criteria themselves and their appropriateness, etc. Even though many scientists have theorized on the subject, a multilateral explanation of life and death criterion has not been presented yet. One thing is for certain and that is, in answering the basic questions of the subject, our present knowledge and experience is limited and insufficient. The authors have tried to show that despite many western views, decision making about the life of a neonate has no place in Islamic teachings, since it could be considered an unauthorized human action. Instead, it is proposed that any attempt to provide an ethical rationale, while utilizing today's science and technology, be in compliance with God's commandments.
Hadi Sadeghi, Mahdi Nosratian Ahoor,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Though there are different definitions for the word “mawt” (death), it seems that the most appropriate one would be the loss of power of the soul over the body, and that is when the soul is separated from the body. There are a variety of religious rulings for a human’s death in Islamic moral jurisprudence, and therefore it is necessary for a jurisprudent to have proper knowledge of the subject, reality, and the criterion for death and life. There are two main theories on the criterion for death and life from jurisprudential and moral perspectives. Some hold that everyone dies of cardiac arrest and others argue that man dies of brain death. It is also necessary to view the arguments presented by each group from jurisprudential and moral perspectives.
Advocates of the theory of cardiac arrest support their view through the following reasons: authority of established practice in concept analysis, incumbency of guarding the protected soul, principle of caution regarding people’s lives, and principle of istishab. Authors of the present paper have attempted to provide a critical analysis of the above-mentioned arguments in this study.
Advocates of the theory of brain death hold their view through the following reasons: the fetal heartbeat before the soul is breathed into it, possibility of cardiac transplantation and impossibility of brain transplantation, similarity between death and sleep, and signs and symptoms of death, among which two have been accepted: a) possibility of cardiac transplantation and impossibility of brain transplantation and b) signs and symptoms of death.
Mansureh Madani,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (5-2013)
Abstract
When medical treatment is futile, the physicians must refrain from treating patients, and this can lead to serious and stressful problems. In this paper, in order to facilitate ethical decision making relevant literatures have been reviewed. This review article aimed to explaining the different clinical forms of futile treatment, and exploring theoretical and practical dimensions of futility. The first problem in this field is ambiguity in the definition of futility. The next problem is determining the practical criteria and attributing the meaning of futility to particular treatments. This ambiguity is partly due to different perspectives about the goal of treatment, and variations in physicians' and patients’ values and also disagreements regarding the person who should have the right to make decisions ultimately. It may also be related to finances and immoral motives. The third problem is some practical conflicts the most notable are futile care, requested by the patient and the sanctity of life, especially in the concern of religious considerations. In this regard, several definitions have been proposed for the futile treatment. Studies indicate that requesting futile care is often due to emotional problems or lack of trust a case that requires the physician’s tact to resolve and rarely is resolved by rule. Another serious problem that is regarding to end of life cares, especially in the context of religious views, is the necessity of life saving, that is closely related to the inactive euthanasia. This can be solved by giving priority to more important issues such as health budget constraints.
Ali Akbar Aminbeidokhti, Ebrahim Mardani,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Organizational justice can dramatically impact the personnel’s attitudes and behaviors and is therefore considered to be of great importance. Moreover, high quality of work life is known as the basic prerequisite to empower human resources in healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived organizational justice and quality of work life among hospital personnel.In this descriptive correlational study, the samples consisted of 268 staff members of a public hospital in Ahvaz. Samples were selected through census. Data were gathered by a demographic information questionnaire, Niehoff and Moorman Organizational Justice Scale, and Quality of Work Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics.Results showed that quality of work life among the hospital personnel in this study was moderate (64.2 %), relatively good (16%), poor (13 %) and good (6.8%). Dimensions of organizational justice including distributive and procedural justice had a significant relationship with quality of work life.Since there is a direct relationship between perceived organizational justice and quality of work life, hospital managers should pay attention to this issue, which will lead to enhanced quality of work life in personnel.
Bagher Larijani, Farzaneh Zahedi, Zeinab Poorzahbi, Samaneh Tirgar, Fatemeh Mirzaei ,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (9-2014)
Abstract
It has been over five decades since the concept of “spiritual health” was first introduced in academic texts, and although many studies have been conducted on the subject, there exists no consensus on its definition and components yet. Nonetheless, this concept has been an inextricable part of Islamic Theology, which is more than several hundred years old. Therefore, it can be asserted that observation and analysis of the lifestyles of Muslim scholars may shed some light on this seemingly complex concept. This analytic-descriptive article was designed to provide a straightforward definition for spiritual health and explore its different components from the viewpoint of Ayatollah Hassanzadeh Amoli, a renowned Shiite scholar. In this article, spiritual health refers to the health of the soul and is related to both material soul and the body itself. The Ayatollah puts special emphasis on the importance of living a healthy lifestyle and on the health of the material soul in order to promote spiritual health. In this article, we endeavor to conduct a thorough analysis of the lifestyle and views of Ayatollah Hassanzadeh Amoli.
Bagher Larijani, Mina Mobasher, Samaneh Tirgar, Farzaneh Zahedi, Soodeh Tirgar, Farideh Shariati, Banafsheh Karimi, Fatemeh Mirzaei (lotfi Azar),
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
It is universally acknowledged that death is a complex concept and different factors such as complicated philosophical ideas, contradictory descriptive approaches, and diversity in interpretations add to this complexity. Although a thorough understanding of the notion of death is important for everyone, this concept is of crucial importance to health care providers as they face enormous ethical challenges in the course of their careers. A few instances are controversial issues such as brain death, euthanasia and end-of-life care, where it seems essential to define a set of robust criteria for death. On the other hand, it can be argued that death is not a scientific concept and only different branches of medicine can provide a framework to clarify the subject of death. Therefore, it could be argued that theological approaches may shed some light on this concept. In this article, we aim to extract ontologic components of death mentioned in the Holy Quran, and will move on to propose a set of 12 criteria for death. This may help provide a clear understanding of the concept from the point of view of the Holy Quran, although more research is warranted to further illuminate this complex subject.
Fatemeh Mirzaei (lotfi Azar), Samaneh Tirgar, Farzaneh Zahedi, Soodeh Tirgar, Farideh Shariati, Bagher Larijani,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2016)
Abstract
Despite all recent advancements in medical sciences and the related technologies, the concept of death still remains obscure. It can be asserted that as death includes both physical and spiritual dimensions, medicine alone is not capable of fully illuminating its different features. Therefore, inter-disciplinary collaboration between different branches of science such as Quranic studies, humanities, and philosophy seems necessary in order to shed some light on this hitherto undiscovered subject. Through description of what the soul experiences before and during death, such collaborations may even enrich the knowledge and broaden the minds of physicians who are capable of the analysis of physical changes caused by death. This insight can promote the ethical decision-making process as well as the provision of end-of-life care and spiritual support in different stages of death. The current research, as a library literature review, endeavors to provide a descriptive view of death from a medical perspective, and then, a Quranic depiction of its different stages through an analysis of verses and quotations from the holy Quran and Islamic scriptures whose primary focus is the process of dying. The final discussion section presents some similarities and differences observed between viewpoints and raises questions which can be considered as being of great practical importance in terms of provision of necessary end-of-life spiritual support. We hope that further research in this field can better clarify the issues raised in this article so that practical measures aiming at the provision of Quran-based spiritual end-of-life care are designed and implemented.
Aria Hejazi, Alireza Moshirahmadi, Golnaz Sabetian, Nazila Badieeyian Mousavi ,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (1-2017)
Abstract
Euthanasia is still a controversial issue worldwide. There are different and sometimes contradictory opinions about euthanasia and its practice. By exchange of ideas and opinions about this issue, some countries have explicitly accepted euthanasia and it has been legalized. Whereas, some other countries distinctly rejected euthanasia and in result it has been criminalized. Among countries there is a third group, with a passive or neutral position. In those countries, like Iran, the acceptance or rejection of euthanasia has been discussed among the law experts but there is no legislation to address the issue. This article aims to evaluate euthanasia based on the Article 372 of Iran's Islamic penal code.
Somaye Rostami, Ravanbakhsh Esmaeali, Hedayat Jafari, Jamshid Yazdani Charati, Seyed Afshin Shorofi,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Futile medical care is considered as the care or treatment that does not benefit the patient. Thus, perception of the clinical team regarding futile care is of great importance and it has an important role in the quality of nursing care and health of clinical team. This study aimed to determine the relationship between perception of nurses regarding futile medical care and their caring behaviors toward patients in the final stages of life admitted to intensive care units. This correlational, analytical study was performed on 181 nursing staff of the intensive care units (ICUs) of health centers affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran. The data collection tool included a two-part questionnaire containing demographic characteristics form, perception of futile care questionnaire, and caring behaviors inventory. To analyze the data, statistical tests and central indices of tendency and dispersion were used. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, partial correlation, t-test, and ANOVA tests were performed to assess the relationship between the variables. Findings illustrated that the majority of nurses (65.7%) had a moderate perception of futile care. In addition, it was only the mean working hours per week among the demographic variables that had a statistically significant relationship with perception of futile care (P<0.05). Given the moderate perception of nurses concerning futile care, implementing suitable interventions for minimizing the frequency of futile care and its resulting tension seems to be mandatory. It is imperative to train nurses on adjustment mechanisms and raise their awareness as to situations resulting in futile care.
Saeid Rahaie, Fatemeh Heidari,
Volume 10, Issue 0 (3-2017)
Abstract
Patients with advanced, progressive, non-curable, or hardly cured illnesses, found themselves in a situation where therapeutic measures have no effect in improving their condition and health status and they are gradually pushed toward death. Care provided to the patient, during this period, is known as end-of-life care which include life-sustaining treatments and palliative care. Life- sustaining treatments are such that give patient the chance for living longer but inflict lots of suffering upon the patient. While in palliative care, the patient probably survives for a shorter period, but suffers less. The question is whether the patient can choose between the two methods? Considering the Jurisprudential rule of “the necessity to safeguard human life”, most of the Muslim Jurists believe that the patient cannot rule out the first method (i.e. life- sustaining treatment). This study first examines the evidence of the rule, and explained the viewpoints of the Muslim Jurists about choosing between these caring methods, and proves that, despite accepting the rule, it is limited by the rules of “no hardship“ (la haraj) and “prohibition of detriment”(la zarar) and moreover the rule of “the domination”(saltanat). However, it can be said that, regarding the evidence of rule “the necessity to safeguard human life”, patients who are at this stage are excluded from the subject matter of this rule.
Mohammad Hassani, Afsaneh Abbaskhani,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
Today, the role of spiritual leaders is to stimulate employees by employing a spiritual perspective and creating cultural backgrounds based on human values to raise capable employees. On the other hand, professional ethics is one of the variables that has a significant impact on individual and group activities and outcomes of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual leadership and professional ethics with organizational performance and quality of work life with the intermediate role of organizational learning among employees of Imam Reza Hospital in Urmia. The design of this research was a descriptive-correlational cross-sectional design model of structural equations. The statistical population of this research included 759 employees, 240 of them were selected by random sampling method. For data collection, standard questionnaires were used. Pearson Coefficient and Structural Equation Model Finding were used to analyze and examine the assumptions and the relation between the variants. The results show that there is a significant relationship between spiritual leadership variables and Professional Ethics with organizational performance and quality of life of employees (P<0.01, r=0.42, r=0.51), (P<0.01, r=0.36, r=0.75). Furthermore, the results showed that the intermediate role of organizational learning in the association between spiritual leadership and professional ethics with organizational performance and quality of work life (β = 0.17, β = 0.18, β = 0.16, β = 0.17) ) is confirmed. According to the findings, it can be concluded that paying attention to spiritual leadership and professional ethics can improve the organizational performance and quality of work life, as well as enhance organizational learning among the staff of Imam Reza Hospital.
Maryam Khoshdel Rohani, Rahim Dehghan Simakani,
Volume 11, Issue 0 (3-2018)
Abstract
David Benatar, influenced by Nietzsche and Schopenhauer, sees the life of this world full of pain and suffering, and believes that not being in this world is preferred to be. The purpose of this article is to challenge Benatar's approach in an analytical and citation way. Benatar expresses two arguments for his claim. One is the argument of asymmetry and the other is the quality of life argument. In this paper, both of his arguments are explained and criticized. In the first argument, Benatar provides ample of evidence for his claim that he does not provide the preference for the pain and suffering which humankind experiences in this world. In the second argument, while ignoring the element of individual satisfaction and the independence of the personality of human beings, their judgments regarding their lives are considered to be due to optimism, and believes that humans, because of their ability to get accustomed to the conditions believe that their being is preferred to not being. By this statement, instead of solving the problem of suffering, he cleansed the principle of the problem and preferred not being. The morality of abortion, the immorality of reproduction and marriage, the validity of non-voluntary euthanasia, and the belief in the extinction of the human race are consequences of Benatar's approach, which are untenable.
Mohaddeseh Moeinifar,
Volume 12, Issue 0 (3-2019)
Abstract
In general, there are four types of policies in the world in relation to the issue of abortion, based on five basic approaches such as social, feminist, liberal, population-based, and religious-based. Each of these approaches provides a solution to the conflict between mother's rights and the right to life of the fetus, so based on the first three perspectives, abortion is permissible and based on the fourth view, it can be permissible or not and finally according to the religious view (Islam and Christianity) the abortion is forbidden. In the present paper, we tried to answer the main question by using the descriptive-analytical method, why in some of these approaches the right of the mother is preeminent, but in others, the right to life of the fetus proceeds? It seems that the way of Islamic legal system seems to be more logical, because in Western countries the rights of parents are always prioritized in the conflict between the rights of children and their parents. However, in the legal system of Islam, in addition to the moral orders, there are some principles that are anticipated to prevent the conflict of the rights of these two groups and the unequivocal predominance of one on another.
Seyyed Abdol Rahim Hosseini, Davoud Zareian,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
Perhaps, the most appropriate translation proposed for euthanasia is the painless and piteous killing. According to the existence of effective components in committing a crime, it is considered as complicity in murder and the consent of victim does not affect the nature of criminal act and the criminal liability of person depriving the life. One of issues related to this killing which is disagreed is the edict that person who is obliged to save life related to passive type of euthanasia does not perform this killing and there must be difference among its different types and conditions. The primary reasoning of the edicts indicate that duties whether difficulty or not must be done but, according to the rule of negation of difficulty and hardship, obligation to these edicts in cases of hardship is cancelled. The articles of this rule include obligatory duties to disuse. However, from the view of jurists, it is not general that euthanasia corresponds to some juridical sub-principles indicating the permission of suicide in some conditions, although this is criticized and rejected. Two rules of hardship and beneficence are those believed to help prove the hypothesis by attaching to the rule of negation of hardship and difficulty. But, it is clear that it is not so. In feasibility study of this rule with the rule of no harm, they are proved by the murder illegality and the mentioned rules cannot govern the primary reasoning of depriving the life Therefore, euthanasia is not allowed at all.
Seyed Ahmad Habibnejhad, Vahid Moazzen,
Volume 13, Issue 0 (3-2020)
Abstract
In recent decades, the concepts of healthy lifestyle and healthcare choices have been the subject of focus by healthcare policymakers. Together with financial, mental, and ethical reasons for citizens to have a free hand as far as their healthcare, numerous arguments based on the social aspects of healthcare have also been made by proponents of the necessity to limit these options by government, believing that in addition to personal consequences, an individual's healthcare choices have social ramifications as well. On the other hand, the definitions of the concept of freedom along with the impressionability factor of the individual's healthcare choices to government and society are other parameters that affect government policy in this area. By looking at the meaning of freedom from both the functional and opportunity creating standpoints, we have attempted to demonstrate that the optimal definition of freedom in the healthcare system is a responsibility based freedom in which it is although limited by the government, a person still maintains his individuality. According to the findings of this study, without establishing the necessary prerequisites by government and society, the freedom and equality of individuals in healthcare choices is meaningless. In this context, the special role of government is to create a balance between the individual rights and public interest as well as to cultivate responsible and well-informed citizens to protect themselves and others, building a society that would not allow the withdrawal or disregards of the right to freedom.
Mohammad Torabi, Mahsa Eslamipanah,
Volume 14, Issue 0 (3-2021)
Abstract
Nurses are among the members of the treatment team who have the most contact with Corona Virus Disease- 2019 (COVID-19) patients and their ethical decision-making is inevitable during patient care. On the other hand, nurses' motivation to implement end-of-life care is influenced by their attitude, awareness, and moral reasoning. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of ethical decision making of nurses and its relationship with the attitudes of end-of-life care of patients with COVID-19 in hospitals affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. In this study, 180 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Hamadan University of Medical Sciences were selected by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools included: demographic Information questionnaire, Nursing Dilemma Test (NDT) questionnaire, and Frommelt Attitudes towards End-of-Life Care questionnaire. According to the results, there is a direct relationship between nurses' ethical decisions and the attitude of end-of-life care (<0.05, r=0.819). The mean score of nurses' ethical decision-making indicates the low level of ethical decision-making (39.19 (5.3)) and the mean score of nurses' practical considerations (20.62(4.2)) showed that the process of nurses' ethical decision-making is relatively influenced by environmental factors. Also, the average score of nurses' exposure to moral challenges indicates that nurses are familiar with similar situations. The mean score of nurses' attitudes toward end-of-life care was reported at an undesirable level (81.58(7.8)). According to the results, by identifying the factors affecting nurses' ethical decision-making and educational planning to improve their decision-making level, it is possible to improve the quality of patients care while improving nurses' attitudes toward end-of-life care.
Shabnam Rasoulpoor, Reza Nematollahi Maleki, Neda Tagizadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 0 (12-2024)
Abstract
Euthanasia, defined as the intentional ending of a patient's life to relieve intractable suffering, presents complex ethical, legal, and emotional challenges for healthcare professionals, particularly nurses. Nurses play a pivotal role in end-of-life care, making their attitudes toward euthanasia crucial for understanding its implications in clinical practice. This review aims to synthesize existing literature on nurses' attitudes about euthanasia to identify key influencing factors and areas requiring further exploration. This study was conducted using the PRISMA 2020 guideline with no time limitation (by December 2024). Eligible articles were selected following a search in various databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar) using keywords and operators of “AND” & “OR.” The search strategy included “Perceptions” OR “Attitudes” OR “Nurse” AND “Euthanasia.” Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers (SR and NT). Studies were evaluated with the Appraisal Tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS Tool). A total of 21 studies were included in the review. The review revealed that nurses’ attitudes toward euthanasia vary widely depending on legal frameworks, cultural norms, religious beliefs, and personal values. In countries where euthanasia is legalized, such as Belgium and the Netherlands, nurses often report greater acceptance and willingness to participate in the process, emphasizing their role in ensuring patient autonomy and dignity. Conversely, in regions where euthanasia is illegal, nurses frequently express ethical concerns, moral distress, and reluctance to support the practice. Common themes include the need for clear guidelines, ethical training, and emotional support systems for nurses dealing with euthanasia-related situations. Nurses’ attitudes about euthanasia are influenced by a complex interplay of cultural, legal, and personal factors. While some nurses view euthanasia as an extension of compassionate care, others experience ethical dilemmas and professional conflict. This highlights the need for robust ethical frameworks, specialized training, and supportive resources to help nurses navigate the challenges associated with euthanasia in their practice.
